| Patients characteristics (N=258) |
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| Age (y), median(iqr) |
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33,0(21,0) |
| Follow-up (m), median(iqr) |
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19,5(22,0) |
| Gender, n% |
Male |
182/249(73,1%) |
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Female |
67/249(26,9%) |
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| Hand dominance, n% |
Non-dominant |
51/104(49,4%) |
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| Dominant |
53/104(50,6%) |
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| Intra-articular, n% |
No |
195/258(75,6%) |
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| Yes |
63/258(24,4%) |
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| Type of injury, n% |
Blast |
6/210(2,9%) |
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| Building collapse |
1/210(0,5%) |
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Fall |
40/210(19,0%) |
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GSW |
4/210(1,9%) |
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Industrial |
26/210(12,4%) |
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MVA |
122/210(58,1%) |
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Roller |
5/210(2,4%) |
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Unknown |
6/210(2,9%) |
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| Type of fracture, n% |
Open |
132/258(51,2%) |
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| Closed |
126/258(48,8%) |
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| Nerve damage, n% |
No |
168/258(65,1%) |
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| Yes |
90/258(34,9%) |
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Radial |
47/90(52,2%) |
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Ulnar |
14/90(15,6%) |
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Median |
4/90(4,4%) |
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Brachial |
7/90(7,8%) |
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Multiple |
18/90(20,0%) |
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| Vascular damage, n% |
No |
221/240(92,1%) |
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| Yes |
19/240(7,9%) |
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Brachial |
12/19(63,2%) |
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Axillary |
1/19(5,2%) |
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Radial |
2/19(10,2%) |
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Ulnar |
2/19(10,2%) |
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Multiple |
2/19(10,2%) |
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| Time to fixation (h), median(iqr) |
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19,0(137,0) |
| Use of ExFix, n% |
No |
167/196(85,2%) |
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Yes |
29/196(14,8%) |
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| Duration of Exfix (m), median(iqr) |
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0,5(0,87) |
| Treatment of humerus fx |
Amputation |
5/258(1,9%) |
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| Arthroplasty |
2/258(0,8%) |
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CRPP |
11/258(4,3%) |
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ExFix |
19/258(7,4%) |
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Immobilization |
30/258(11,6%) |
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Intramedullary Nail |
48/258(18,6%) |
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ORIF |
143/258(55,4%) |
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| Treatment of forearm fx |
Amputation |
5/258(1,9%) |
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| Arthroplasty |
3/258(1,2%) |
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CRPP |
10/258(3,4%) |
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ExFix |
23/258(8,9%) |
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Immobilization |
22/258(8,5%) |
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Intramedullary Nail |
12/258(4,7%) |
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ORIF |
183/258(70,9%) |
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| Associated injuries, n% |
No |
80/215(37,2%) |
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| Yes |
135/215(62,8%) |
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Ipsilateral injury |
32/135(23,7%) |
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Polytrauma |
88/135(65,2%) |
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Both |
15/135(11,1%) |
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| Head injury, n% |
No |
80/108(74,1%) |
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Yes |
28/108(25,9%) |
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| Infection, n% |
No |
210/240(87,5%) |
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Yes |
30/240(12,5%) |
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| Compartment syndrome, n% |
No |
255/258(98,8%) |
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| Yes |
3/258(1,2%) |
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| Amputation, n% |
No |
252/258(97,7%) |
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| Yes |
6/258(2,3%) |
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| Union, n% |
No |
54/258(20,9%) |
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Non-union |
33/54(61,1%) |
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Delayed union |
9/54(16,7%) |
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Mal union |
3/54(5,6%) |
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Pseudo |
8/54(14,8%) |
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Re-fracture |
1/54(1,8%) |
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Yes |
204/258(79,1%) |
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| Time to union (m), median(iqr) |
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4,00(4,18) |
| Heterotopic ossification, n% |
No |
208/252(82,5%) |
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| Yes |
44/252(17,5%) |
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| Re-operation, n% |
No |
147/214(68,7%) |
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| Yes |
67/214(31.3%) |
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| Pain, n% |
No |
83/116(71,6%) |
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| Yes |
33/116(28,4%) |
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| Mobilization, w |
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2,0(2,0) |
| Flexion (o), median(iqr) |
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120,0(40,0) |
| Extension (o), median(iqr) |
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0,0(15,0) |
| Supination (o), median(iqr) |
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80,0(55,0) |
| Pronation (o), median(iqr) |
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70,0(52,5) |
| MEPS score |
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75,0(25,75)* |
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Excellent |
22/69(31,9%) |
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Good |
15/69(21,7%) |
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Fair |
16/69(23,2%) |
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Poor |
16/69(23,2%) |
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| Khalfayan score |
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80,5(23,0)* |
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Excellent |
15/41(36,6%) |
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Good |
7/41(17,1%) |
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Fair |
14/41(34,1%) |
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Poor |
5/41(12,2%) |
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