Indirect Causes

Corticosteroid

Alcohol excess

Smoking

Obesity

Direct Causes

Haematologic diseases (sickle cell disease, myeloproliferative disorder, thalassemia)

Coagulopathies (thrombophilia, hypofibrinolysis)

Caisson’s disease

Chemotherapy

Cushing’s syndrome

Diabetes

Gout

Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease, etc.)

Liver disease

Gaucher disease

Organ Transplantation

Rheumatoid arthritis

Radiation

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Tumors