Author (year)	Age	Predisposing factors	Infected site	Clinical presentation	Diagnostic means	Microorganism	Diagnosis	Treatment	Outcome
Mascola et al. (1991)[@291736]	28	None	Wrist	Wrist and hand swelling and pain, numbness in the radial three fingers	Electromyographic and nerve conduction studies (median nerve compression at wrist), surgical exploration (synovium thickening), microscopy, culture	Histoplasma capsulatum	Carpal tunnel syndrome	Synovectomy, ketoconazole (400mg/d)	Cure
Wagner et al. (1996)[@291737]	17	Renal transplant, RA, dog claw scratch	Volar forearm (extension to arm)	Erythema, swelling	Diagnostic incision, CT (muscle attenuation), microscopy, culture	Histoplasma capsulatum, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare	Necrotizing myofasciitis	Forearm compartements irrigation, extensive necrotic tissue excision, bipedical fasciocutaneous flap, amphotericin B, clarithromycin, ethambutol	Death
Care et al. (1998)[@291684]	35	N/A	Volar wrist	Night awakening, numbness, tingling in radial digits	X-ray (capitate’s cystic lesion), electromyography, nerve conduction studies (median nerve compression), histopath. exam, culture	Histoplasma capsulatum	Fungal bone cyst due to disseminated histoplasmosis	Carpal tunnel release, flexor tenosynovectomy, capitates debridement, ketaconazole	Recurrence (after 10 years – extensive tenosynovectomy, capitates cyst cutterage, itraconazole)
Onwuasoigwe et al. (1998)[@291683]	30	None	Forearm	Tender firm tumor, axillar lymphadenopathy	X-ray (bone erosion), biopsy, histopath. exam, culture	Histoplasma. duoboisii	African histoplasmosis, osteomyelitis	Debridement, ketoconazole (400mg x2/d)	Cure
Schasfoort et al. (1999)[@291738]	71	Oral steroids for emphysema, steroid injection	Dorsal hand	Painfull swelling	Microscopy, culture, x-ray (scaphoid bone destruction)	Histoplasma capsulatum	Chronic fungal osteomyelitis	Synovectomy, wound debridement, proximal row carpectomy, iv amphotericin B	Cure
Smith et al. (2005)[@291739]	70	Insulin-dependent DM, use of oral steroids for asthma, history of pulmonary histoplasmosis	Wrist	Soft mass on palmar wrist, numbness and pain in middle, ring and little fingers, weakness of the hand	U/S (cystic masses in association with flexor tendon), culture, histopath. exam	Histoplasma capsulatum	Chronic fungal flexor tenosynovitis	Carpal tunnel release (synovium excision), itraconazole (few days)	Cure
Akinyoola et al. (2006)[@291682]	23	Minor trauma	Shoulder, elbow	Shoulder mass with discharging sinuses, elbow mass, muscle wasting, pain	X-ray (bone distruction), biopsy, histopath. exam	Histoplasma. duoboisii	African histoplasmosis	Ketoconazole	Cure
Young et al. (2011)[@291740]	45	History of bone debridement at shoulder	Shoulder	Deltopectoral healed incision, punctuate area that drained purulent fluid, restrictred motion	X-ray (resection of proximal humeral metaphysis), MRI (enhancement in the humeral head, sinus tract), histopath. exam	Histoplasma capsulatum	Chronic fungal osteomyelitis	Remainder humeral head excision, oral fluconazole	Cure
Vitale et al. (2015)[@291741]	48	Sjogren’s syndrome, corticosteroid injection	Volar wrist, thumb	Swelling, numbness, paresthesias, hand grip weakness	MRI (flexor tenosynovitis, carpal tunnel stenosis), histopath. exam, culture	Histoplasma capsulatum	Fungal flexor tenosynovitis and carpal tunnel syndrome	Carpal tunnel release, flexor tenosynovectomy, iv liposomal amphotericin B (186 mg/d), then oral itraconazole	Cure
O’Shaughnessy et al. (2017)[@291733]	59	Immunosuppression	Dorsal and volar wrist, dorsal thumb	Volar and dorsal swelling, skin discoloration, pain with flexion/ extension, wheezing	X-ray, MRI (tenosynovitis)	Histoplasma capsulatum	Fungal tenosynovitis	Flexor and extensor tenosynovectomy, digit extensor tenosynovectomy, itraconazole	Cure
	76	RA	Volar hand, wrist, forearm	Volar forearm and hand, wrist erythema, swelling, skin ulcerations, severe pain, fevers chills	X-ray	Histoplasma capsulatum, bacterial and candida co-infection	Fungal flexor tenosynovitis	Flexor tenosynovectomy, itraconazole	Cure
	47	History of histoplasmosis	Volar wrist	Volar wrist and digit swelling, erythema, severe pain, fevers, chills	N/A	Histoplasma capsulatum	Fungal flexor tenosynovitis	Flexor tenosynovectomy, itraconazole	Cure
	50	Immunosuppression	Dorsal wrist	Dorsal wrist pain, swelling, wrist abscess	MRI (tenosynovitis)	Histoplasma capsulatum	Fungal extensor tenosynovitis	Extensor tenosynovectomy, abscess removal, itraconazole	Lung and disseminated infection
	66	Immunosuppression, DM	Dorsal and volar wrist	Volar and dorsal wrist pain, swelling, open wound at carpal tunnel	MRI (tenosynovitis)	Histoplasma capsulatum, bacterial co-infection	Fungal tenosynovitis	Flexor and extensor tenosynovectomies, amphotericin B, voriconazole	Cure
	49	Immunosuppression	Volar forearm, wrist, hand, thumb	Volar wrist, hand, thumb pain, swelling, carpal tunnel symptoms	MRI (tenosynovitis, carpal tunnel inflammation)	Histoplasma capsulatum	Fungal flexor tenosynovitis	Flexor tenosynovectomy, debridement of wrist and all digits amphotericin B, itraconazole	Cure
	53	Immunosuppression	Volar wrist, digits	Volar wrist and digit swelling, erythema, skin taught, pain with extension, night sweats	X-ray, MRI (tenosynovitis)	Histoplasma capsulatum	Fungal flexor tenosynovitis	Flexor tenosynovectomy itraconazole	Cure
Rieth et al. (2020)[@291742]	42	Crohn’s disease	Palm	Erythema, tenderness	MRI (flexor tenosynovial enhancement with surrounding inflammation), histopath. exam, culture	Histoplasma capsulatum	Fungal flexor tenosynovitis	Flexor tenosynovectomy, carpal tunnel release, itraconazole	Cure