Author (year)	Age	Predisposing factors	Infected site	Clinical presentation	Diagnostic means	Microorganism	Diagnosis	Treatment	Outcome
Palmer et al. (1970)[@291743]	41	DM, crush injury	Index and middle fingers	Gangrene	Microscopy, culture, histopath. exam	Rhizopus species, staphylococcus aureus	Fungal gangrene	Second and third metacarpal rays amputation, amphotericin B, penicillin	Cure
Salisbury et al. (1974)[@291709]	20	Burn injury	Hand	N/A	Culture, histopath. exam	Mucor species	Burn-wound fungal infection	Hand disarticulation	N/A
	20	Burn injury	Arm, chest wall	N/A	Culture, histopath. exam	Mucor species, Phycomycetes	Burn-wound fungal infection	Transfumeral arm amputation	Death
	21	Burn injury	Shoulder, back, chest wall	N/A	Culture, histopath. exam	Mucor species	Burn-wound fungal infection	Forequarter amputation, chest wall debridement	Death
	23	Burn injury	Hand	N/A	Culture, histopath. exam	Mucor species	Burn-wound fungal infection	Debridement, wrist disarticulation	N/A
	37	Burn injury	Shoulder	N/A	Culture, histopath. exam	Mucor species	Burn-wound fungal infection	Glenohumeral disarticulation	N/A
	28	Burn injury	Hand	N/A	Culture, histopath. exam	Mucor species	Burn-wound fungal infection	All finger amputation	N/A
Kraut et al. (1993)[@291744]	42	Burn injury	Forearm	Edematous forearm, decrease in capillary refill	Culture, histopath. exam	Mucor species	Intravascular mucormycosis	Arm amputation, contralateral hand amputation, debridement, amphotericin B	Death
al-Qattan et al. (1996)[@291685]	15	HIV, intravenous catheter insertion	Dorsal forearm	Large ulcer after eschar separation, thumb, middle and ring fingers gangrene	Biopsy	Mucor species	Mucormycosis	Amphotericin B	Through elbow amputation
Lidor et al. (1997)[@291745]	28	DM, burn injury	Forearm, hand	Necrosis	Histopath. exam	Rhizopus oryzae	Burn-wound fungal infection	Above elbow amputation	Cure
Klein et al. (2000)[@291663]	53	Heart transplant, peripheral vascular disease	Long, ring, small fingers	Gangrene, gradual extension to wrist	Histopath. exam, culture	Mucorales and aspergillus species	Fungal gangrene	Multiple ampuattion procedures until hand disarticulation, iv liposomal amphotericin	Cure
Scheffler et al. (2003)[@291686]	15d	Premature, systemic corticosteroid use for respiratory distress syndrome, intravenous catheter insertion	Dorsal hand	Bluish-black skin discoloration, necrosis	Histopath. exam	Mucorales order	Necrotizing soft tissue fungal infection	Debridement, amphotercin B	Through elbow amputation
Moran et al. (2006)[@291687]	12	Motor vehicle collision	Arm, forearm	Humerus, open radius and ulna fractures	Culture, histopath. exam	Mucor species	Mucormycosis	Local flap, STSG, iv amphotericin B	Limb salvage
	26	Conveyor belt injury	N/A	N/A	Culture, histopath. exam	Mucor species	Mucormycosis	STSG, iv amphotericin B	Limb salvage
	28	Motor vehicle collision	Arm	Open humeral fracture	Culture, histopath. exam	Mucor species	Mucormycosis	Above-elbow amputation, iv amphotericin B	Cure
	46	Motor vehicle collision	Arm, elbow	Open humeral, radial neck, olecranon and ulnar fracture	Culture, histopath. exam	Mucor species	Mucormycosis	Glenohumeral disarticulation, iv amphotericin B	Cure
	56	Conveyor belt injury	Forearm	Radial and ulnar fracture	Culture, histopath. exam	Mucor species	Mucormycosis	Free latissimus flap, STSG, iv amphotericin B	Limb salvage
	52	Conveyor belt injury	Elbow	Elbow dislocation	Culture, histopath. exam	Mucor species	Mucormycosis	Anterior lateral thigh free flap, STSG, iv amphotericin B	Amputation of ring and small fingers
	70	Corn auger injury	Wrist, fingers	Radius fracture, index finger amputation, open thumb dislocation	Culture, histopath. exam	Mucor species	Mucormycosis	Below-elbow amputation, iv amphotericin B	Cure
Rajakannu et al. (2006)[@291746]	55	DM, cut injury	Hand fingers, palm	Blackish discoloration, dry gangrene	Histopath. exam	Mucorales order	Fungal gangrene	Transcarpal amputation, iv amphotericin B	Cure
Raizman et al. (2007)[@291747]	38	Alcoholic cirrhosis, fungal urinary tract infection, arterial catheter	Forearm	Ulcer with dark, necrotic borders around the site of the arterial line, line of demarcation on forearm, ulcer on contralateral forearm	Microscopy, histopath. exam	Rhizopus arrhizus	Fungal gangrene	Midforearm amputation, contralateral forearm debridement	Death, due to septic shock
Chew et al. (2008)[@291748]	17	ORIF Smith’s fracture, hydrocortisone for ARDS	Forearm	Blister at incision, necrotic area with overlying dark eschar after it bursted	Culture, microscopy, histopath. exam (first bacterial infection)	Mucor species	Fungal thrombosis due to mucormycosis	Surgical debridement, iv amphotericin B (0.5 mg/kg/d)	Forearm amputation (ulnar and radial artery thrombosis)
Sochaj et al. (2009)[@291749]	59	Myelodysplasia, steroidal use due to asthma and polymyalgia rheumatica	Brachial artery	Ischemic hand, loss of brachial, radial and ulnar pulses, progressive ischemia of lower extremity	Angiogram, brain CT (multiple infractions), histopath. exam, post mortem examination	Mucor species	Intravascular mucormycosis	Embolectomies, angioplasty, carotid brachial bypass	Death
Bohac et al. (2015)[@291689]	21	Conveyor belt injury	Dorsal forearm, wrist, hand, fingers	Limited vitality of soft tissue and extensor tendons	Culture	Absidia corymbifera and Staphylococcus haemolyticus	Necrotizing soft tissue fungal infection	Debridement, itraconazole and antibiotics, Maggot therapy, negative pressure therapy, pedicle groin flap and split-thickness skin graft	Cure, rehabilitation
Jevalikar et al. (2018)[@291750]	4	DM, intravenous catheter	Middle finger, interdigital space and palm between middle and ring fingers	Erythema, black discoloration, gangrene	Arterial Doppler (interdigital artery thrombosis between middle and ring fingers), microscopy, culture	Mucor species	Fungal gangrene	Middle and ring fingers amputation, iv liposomal amphotericin B	Cure, motor dysfunction little finger
Kelpin et al. (2019)[@291751]	25	Intravenous drug abuse, trauma	Dorsal hand	Ulcerated wound (skin, subcutaneous tissues, extensor tendons, metacarpals)	X-ray (absence of four ulnar metacarpal bones), culture	Mucormycotina subgroup, Staphylococcus aureus	Fungal osteomyelitis	Debridements, hand disarticulation, iv amphotericin B and antibiotics	No follow-up