Author (year) Age Predisposing factors Infected site Clinical presentation Diagnostic means Microorganism Diagnosis Treatment Outcome
Li et al. (2016)[@291702] 49 Rose thorn injury Dorsal hand Swelling and erythema of second metacarpophalangeal joint X-ray, MRI (bone involvement), surgical exploration, biopsy, culture, direct microscopy, histopath. exam Alternaria tenuissima Fungal arthritis and osteomyelitis Debridement, oral itraconazole (200 mg x2/d) Cure
Kothari et al. (2019)[@291701] 11 Thorn prick injury Shoulder Diffuse, non-tender, indurated swelling, discoloured and adherent skin, painful restricted motion, axillary lymphadenopathy U/S and MRI (mass in deltoid muscle), FNA, biopsy, histopath. exam Basidiobolus ranarum Fungal myositis Oral itraconazole (100 mgx2/d) Cure
Goussous et al. (2019)[@291705] 55 Burn injury Forearm, hand 35% total body surface area full thickness burn, blackish discoloration of deep tissues, yellowish discharge of muscles Wound exploration, culture Fusarium solani Burn-wound fungal infection Voriconazole, below elbow amputation and skin graft Cure
Rosanova et al. (2018)[@291704] 3 Burn injury Index finger N/A Culture Fusarium species Fungal osteomyelitis Iv and oral voriconazole Retraction
11 Burn injury Little finger N/A Culture Fusarium species Fungal osteomyelitis Iv and oral voriconazole Amputation
Keshtkar-Jahromi et al. (2012)[@291706] 60 None Third MCP joint Swelling, slight redness that blanched to pressure, no limitation of motion Diagnostic synovectomy, microscopy, culture, histopath. exam Paecilomyces lilacinus Fungal synovial infection Voriconazole Cure
Sorkin et al. (2014)[@291703] 77 Autoimmune hepatitis, wood splinter trauma Dorsal hand Recurrent dorsal hand mass, loss of extension of middle, ring and small fingers Biopsy, culture, histopath.. exam Phialophora verrucosa Fungal extensor tenosynovitis Synovectomy, transfer of extensor carpi radialis longus tendon to the EDC of the middle, ring and small fingers, itraconazole, then voriconazole Cure
Everett et al. (2003)[@291707] 50 Renal transplant, splenectomy Wrist Diffuse painfull swelling over extensor tendons, decreased range of motion Biopsy, microscopy, histopath. exam Phoma species Fungal extensor tenosynovitis Debridements, amphotericin B Cure
Foley et al. (1968)[@291708] 20 Burn injury Thenar, thumb, index finger Swelling, tenderness, ischemia Surgical exploration (necrotic muscle and soft tissue), histopath. exam Phycomycetes Burn-wound fungal infection Hand disarticulation Cure
Salisbury et al. (1974)[@291709] 19 Burn injury Arm N/A Culture, histopath. exam Phycomycetes Burn-wound fungal infection Wide wound excision N/A
20 Burn injury Phalanx of thumb and little finger N/A Culture, histopath. exam Phycomycetes Burn-wound fungal infection Amputation of proximal phalanx of thumb and little finger N/A
20 Burn injury Both forearms N/A Culture, histopath. exam Phycomycetes Burn-wound fungal infection Bilateral elbow disarticulation Death
21 Burn injury Arm, contralateral hand, lip, head N/A Culture, histopath. exam Phycomycetes Burn-wound fungal infection Wrist and shoulder disarticulation N/A
16 Burn injury Hand, forearm N/A Culture, histopath. exam Phycomycetes Burn-wound fungal infection Elbow disarticulation Death
27 Burn injury Arm N/A Culture, histopath. exam Phycomycetes, aspergillus Burn-wound fungal infection Tourniquets Death
20 Burn injury Arm, chest wall N/A Culture, histopath. exam Phycomycetes, mucor species Burn-wound fungal infection Transfumeral arm amputation Death
Schaenman et al. (2005)[@291710] 58 Behcet’s disease, history of bacterial infection Dorsal wrist, forearm, elbow Pain, swelling, erythema Surgical exploration (necrosis of extensor tendons), culture, microscopy Scedosporium apiospermum Necrotizing soft tissue fungal infection Debridement, iv voriconazole (4mg/kg x2/d), then oral voriconazole (300mg x2/d) Cure
Abrams et al. (2010)[@291711] 77 RA Wrist Hand and wrist tightness with grasp, increasing finger numbness Culture, histopath. exam Scedosporium apiospermum Fungal tenosynovitis Carpal tunnel release, radical dorsal and palmar tenosynovectomy, debridements, voriconazole Recurrence (no compli-ance to antifungal therapy), finally cured with loss of hand funcion
Kim et al. (2017)[@291712] 73 DM Dorsal wrist, hand Poorly defined, erythematous fluctuant papule with pustules and crusts, restricted movements Aspiration, biopsy, MRI (extensor tenosynovitis), culture, microscopy, histopath. exam, DNA sequencing Scedosporium apiospermum Fungal extensor tenosynovitis Debridement, iv fluconazole (400mf/d), then oral fluconazole (200mg/d) Cure