Li et al. (2016)[@291702] |
49 |
Rose thorn injury |
Dorsal hand |
Swelling and erythema of second metacarpophalangeal joint |
X-ray, MRI (bone involvement), surgical exploration, biopsy, culture, direct microscopy, histopath. exam |
Alternaria tenuissima |
Fungal arthritis and osteomyelitis |
Debridement, oral itraconazole (200 mg x2/d) |
Cure |
Kothari et al. (2019)[@291701] |
11 |
Thorn prick injury |
Shoulder |
Diffuse, non-tender, indurated swelling, discoloured and adherent skin, painful restricted motion, axillary lymphadenopathy |
U/S and MRI (mass in deltoid muscle), FNA, biopsy, histopath. exam |
Basidiobolus ranarum |
Fungal myositis |
Oral itraconazole (100 mgx2/d) |
Cure |
Goussous et al. (2019)[@291705] |
55 |
Burn injury |
Forearm, hand |
35% total body surface area full thickness burn, blackish discoloration of deep tissues, yellowish discharge of muscles |
Wound exploration, culture |
Fusarium solani |
Burn-wound fungal infection |
Voriconazole, below elbow amputation and skin graft |
Cure |
Rosanova et al. (2018)[@291704] |
3 |
Burn injury |
Index finger |
N/A |
Culture |
Fusarium species |
Fungal osteomyelitis |
Iv and oral voriconazole |
Retraction |
|
11 |
Burn injury |
Little finger |
N/A |
Culture |
Fusarium species |
Fungal osteomyelitis |
Iv and oral voriconazole |
Amputation |
Keshtkar-Jahromi et al. (2012)[@291706] |
60 |
None |
Third MCP joint |
Swelling, slight redness that blanched to pressure, no limitation of motion |
Diagnostic synovectomy, microscopy, culture, histopath. exam |
Paecilomyces lilacinus |
Fungal synovial infection |
Voriconazole |
Cure |
Sorkin et al. (2014)[@291703] |
77 |
Autoimmune hepatitis, wood splinter trauma |
Dorsal hand |
Recurrent dorsal hand mass, loss of extension of middle, ring and small fingers |
Biopsy, culture, histopath.. exam |
Phialophora verrucosa |
Fungal extensor tenosynovitis |
Synovectomy, transfer of extensor carpi radialis longus tendon to the EDC of the middle, ring and small fingers, itraconazole, then voriconazole |
Cure |
Everett et al. (2003)[@291707] |
50 |
Renal transplant, splenectomy |
Wrist |
Diffuse painfull swelling over extensor tendons, decreased range of motion |
Biopsy, microscopy, histopath. exam |
Phoma species |
Fungal extensor tenosynovitis |
Debridements, amphotericin B |
Cure |
Foley et al. (1968)[@291708] |
20 |
Burn injury |
Thenar, thumb, index finger |
Swelling, tenderness, ischemia |
Surgical exploration (necrotic muscle and soft tissue), histopath. exam |
Phycomycetes |
Burn-wound fungal infection |
Hand disarticulation |
Cure |
Salisbury et al. (1974)[@291709] |
19 |
Burn injury |
Arm |
N/A |
Culture, histopath. exam |
Phycomycetes |
Burn-wound fungal infection |
Wide wound excision |
N/A |
|
20 |
Burn injury |
Phalanx of thumb and little finger |
N/A |
Culture, histopath. exam |
Phycomycetes |
Burn-wound fungal infection |
Amputation of proximal phalanx of thumb and little finger |
N/A |
|
20 |
Burn injury |
Both forearms |
N/A |
Culture, histopath. exam |
Phycomycetes |
Burn-wound fungal infection |
Bilateral elbow disarticulation |
Death |
|
21 |
Burn injury |
Arm, contralateral hand, lip, head |
N/A |
Culture, histopath. exam |
Phycomycetes |
Burn-wound fungal infection |
Wrist and shoulder disarticulation |
N/A |
|
16 |
Burn injury |
Hand, forearm |
N/A |
Culture, histopath. exam |
Phycomycetes |
Burn-wound fungal infection |
Elbow disarticulation |
Death |
|
27 |
Burn injury |
Arm |
N/A |
Culture, histopath. exam |
Phycomycetes, aspergillus |
Burn-wound fungal infection |
Tourniquets |
Death |
|
20 |
Burn injury |
Arm, chest wall |
N/A |
Culture, histopath. exam |
Phycomycetes, mucor species |
Burn-wound fungal infection |
Transfumeral arm amputation |
Death |
Schaenman et al. (2005)[@291710] |
58 |
Behcet’s disease, history of bacterial infection |
Dorsal wrist, forearm, elbow |
Pain, swelling, erythema |
Surgical exploration (necrosis of extensor tendons), culture, microscopy |
Scedosporium apiospermum |
Necrotizing soft tissue fungal infection |
Debridement, iv voriconazole (4mg/kg x2/d), then oral voriconazole (300mg x2/d) |
Cure |
Abrams et al. (2010)[@291711] |
77 |
RA |
Wrist |
Hand and wrist tightness with grasp, increasing finger numbness |
Culture, histopath. exam |
Scedosporium apiospermum |
Fungal tenosynovitis |
Carpal tunnel release, radical dorsal and palmar tenosynovectomy, debridements, voriconazole |
Recurrence (no compli-ance to antifungal therapy), finally cured with loss of hand funcion |
Kim et al. (2017)[@291712] |
73 |
DM |
Dorsal wrist, hand |
Poorly defined, erythematous fluctuant papule with pustules and crusts, restricted movements |
Aspiration, biopsy, MRI (extensor tenosynovitis), culture, microscopy, histopath. exam, DNA sequencing |
Scedosporium apiospermum |
Fungal extensor tenosynovitis |
Debridement, iv fluconazole (400mf/d), then oral fluconazole (200mg/d) |
Cure |